From c71f28e1d771c4c783c9e38a4b4ecb92d7a71169 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AJ ONeal <coolaj86@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2018 00:57:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] v0.0.4: update (and partial commits)

---
 README.md        |   6 +-
 lib/asn1.js      | 235 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/eckles.js    | 493 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/encoding.js  |  42 ++++
 lib/pem.js       |  28 +++
 lib/rasha.js     | 204 ++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/ssh.js       |  80 ++++++++
 lib/telemetry.js | 111 +++++++++++
 lib/x509.js      | 153 +++++++++++++++
 package.json     |   2 +-
 10 files changed, 1352 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/asn1.js
 create mode 100644 lib/eckles.js
 create mode 100644 lib/encoding.js
 create mode 100644 lib/pem.js
 create mode 100644 lib/rasha.js
 create mode 100644 lib/ssh.js
 create mode 100644 lib/telemetry.js
 create mode 100644 lib/x509.js

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 07ae862..48a8bdd 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 This is being ported from code from rsa-compat.js, greenlock.html (bacme.js), and others.
 
-This is my project for the weekend. I expect to be finished today (Monday Nov 12th, 2018)
+This was intended to be just a weekend project, but it's grown a bit.
+
 * 2018-10-10 (Saturday) work has begun
 * 2018-10-11 (Sunday) W00T! got a CSR generated for RSA with VanillaJS ArrayBuffer
 * 2018-10-12 (Monday) Figuring out ECDSA CSRs right now
 * 2018-10-15 (Thursday) ECDSA is a trixy hobbit... but I think I've got it...
+* 2018-12-02 (Sunday) Been mostly done for a while, individually, slowly merging everything together
+  * [Rasha.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/rasha.js) (RSA utils)
+  * [Eckles.js](https://git.coolaj86.com/coolaj86/eckles.js) (EC utils)
 
 <!--
 Keypairs&trade; for node.js
diff --git a/lib/asn1.js b/lib/asn1.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bce9568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/asn1.js
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'use strict';
+
+//
+// A dumbed-down, minimal ASN.1 parser / packer combo
+//
+// Note: generally I like to write congruent code
+// (i.e. output can be used as input and vice-versa)
+// However, this seemed to be more readable and easier
+// to use written as-is, asymmetrically.
+// (I also generally prefer to export objects rather
+// functions but, yet again, asthetics one in this case)
+
+var Enc = require('./encoding.js');
+
+//
+// Packer
+//
+
+// Almost every ASN.1 type that's important for CSR
+// can be represented generically with only a few rules.
+var ASN1 = module.exports = function ASN1(/*type, hexstrings...*/) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+  var typ = args.shift();
+  var str = args.join('').replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+  var len = (str.length/2);
+  var lenlen = 0;
+  var hex = typ;
+
+  // We can't have an odd number of hex chars
+  if (len !== Math.round(len)) {
+    throw new Error("invalid hex");
+  }
+
+  // The first byte of any ASN.1 sequence is the type (Sequence, Integer, etc)
+  // The second byte is either the size of the value, or the size of its size
+
+  // 1. If the second byte is < 0x80 (128) it is considered the size
+  // 2. If it is > 0x80 then it describes the number of bytes of the size
+  //    ex: 0x82 means the next 2 bytes describe the size of the value
+  // 3. The special case of exactly 0x80 is "indefinite" length (to end-of-file)
+
+  if (len > 127) {
+    lenlen += 1;
+    while (len > 255) {
+      lenlen += 1;
+      len = len >> 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (lenlen) { hex += Enc.numToHex(0x80 + lenlen); }
+  return hex + Enc.numToHex(str.length/2) + str;
+};
+
+// The Integer type has some special rules
+ASN1.UInt = function UINT() {
+  var str = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join('');
+  var first = parseInt(str.slice(0, 2), 16);
+
+  // If the first byte is 0x80 or greater, the number is considered negative
+  // Therefore we add a '00' prefix if the 0x80 bit is set
+  if (0x80 & first) { str = '00' + str; }
+
+  return ASN1('02', str);
+};
+
+// The Bit String type also has a special rule
+ASN1.BitStr = function BITSTR() {
+  var str = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join('');
+  // '00' is a mask of how many bits of the next byte to ignore
+  return ASN1('03', '00' + str);
+};
+
+
+//
+// Parser
+//
+
+ASN1.ELOOP = "uASN1.js Error: iterated over 15+ elements (probably a malformed file)";
+ASN1.EDEEP = "uASN1.js Error: element nested 20+ layers deep (probably a malformed file)";
+// Container Types are Sequence 0x30, Octect String 0x04, Array? (0xA0, 0xA1)
+// Value Types are Integer 0x02, Bit String 0x03, Null 0x05, Object ID 0x06,
+// Sometimes Bit String is used as a container (RSA Pub Spki)
+ASN1.VTYPES = [ 0x02, 0x03, 0x05, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x82 ];
+ASN1.parse = function parseAsn1(buf, depth, ws) {
+  if (!ws) { ws = ''; }
+  if (depth >= 20) { throw new Error(ASN1.EDEEP); }
+
+  var index = 2; // we know, at minimum, data starts after type (0) and lengthSize (1)
+  var asn1 = { type: buf[0], lengthSize: 0, length: buf[1] };
+  var child;
+  var iters = 0;
+  var adjust = 0;
+  var adjustedLen;
+
+  // Determine how many bytes the length uses, and what it is
+  if (0x80 & asn1.length) {
+    asn1.lengthSize = 0x7f & asn1.length;
+    // I think that buf->hex->int solves the problem of Endianness... not sure
+    asn1.length = parseInt(Enc.bufToHex(buf.slice(index, index + asn1.lengthSize)), 16);
+    index += asn1.lengthSize;
+  }
+
+  // High-order bit Integers have a leading 0x00 to signify that they are positive.
+  // Bit Streams use the first byte to signify padding, which x.509 doesn't use.
+  if (0x00 === buf[index] && (0x02 === asn1.type || 0x03 === asn1.type)) {
+    // However, 0x00 on its own is a valid number
+    if (asn1.length > 1) {
+      index += 1;
+      adjust = -1;
+    }
+  }
+  adjustedLen = asn1.length + adjust;
+
+  //console.warn(ws + '0x' + Enc.numToHex(asn1.type), index, 'len:', asn1.length, asn1);
+
+  // this is a primitive value type
+  if (-1 !== ASN1.VTYPES.indexOf(asn1.type)) {
+    asn1.value = buf.slice(index, index + adjustedLen);
+    return asn1;
+  }
+
+  asn1.children = [];
+  //console.warn('1 len:', (2 + asn1.lengthSize + asn1.length), 'idx:', index, 'clen:', 0);
+  while (iters < 15 && index < (2 + asn1.length + asn1.lengthSize)) {
+    iters += 1;
+    child = ASN1.parse(buf.slice(index, index + adjustedLen), (depth || 0) + 1, ws + '  ');
+    // The numbers don't match up exactly and I don't remember why...
+    // probably something with adjustedLen or some such, but the tests pass
+    index += (2 + child.lengthSize + child.length);
+    //console.warn('2 len:', (2 + asn1.lengthSize + asn1.length), 'idx:', index, 'clen:', (2 + child.lengthSize + child.length));
+    if (index > (2 + asn1.lengthSize + asn1.length)) {
+      console.error(JSON.stringify(asn1, function (k, v) {
+        if ('value' === k) { return '0x' + Enc.bufToHex(v.data); } return v;
+      }, 2));
+      throw new Error("Parse error: child value length (" + child.length
+        + ") is greater than remaining parent length (" + (asn1.length - index)
+        + " = " + asn1.length + " - " + index + ")");
+    }
+    asn1.children.push(child);
+    //console.warn(ws + '0x' + Enc.numToHex(asn1.type), index, 'len:', asn1.length, asn1);
+  }
+  if (index !== (2 + asn1.lengthSize + asn1.length)) {
+    console.warn('index:', index, 'length:', (2 + asn1.lengthSize + asn1.length))
+    throw new Error("premature end-of-file");
+  }
+  if (iters >= 15) { throw new Error(ASN1.ELOOP); }
+
+  return asn1;
+};
+
+/*
+ASN1._stringify = function(asn1) {
+  //console.log(JSON.stringify(asn1, null, 2));
+  //console.log(asn1);
+  var ws = '';
+
+  function write(asn1) {
+    console.log(ws, 'ch', Enc.numToHex(asn1.type), asn1.length);
+    if (!asn1.children) {
+      return;
+    }
+    asn1.children.forEach(function (a) {
+      ws += '\t';
+      write(a);
+      ws = ws.slice(1);
+    });
+  }
+  write(asn1);
+};
+*/
+
+ASN1.tpl = function (asn1) {
+  //console.log(JSON.stringify(asn1, null, 2));
+  //console.log(asn1);
+  var sp = '  ';
+  var ws = sp;
+  var i = 0;
+  var vars = [];
+  var str = ws;
+
+  function write(asn1, k) {
+    str += "\n" + ws;
+    var val;
+    if ('number' !== typeof k) {
+      // ignore
+    } else {
+      str += ', ';
+    }
+    if (0x02 === asn1.type) {
+      str += "ASN1.UInt(";
+    } else if (0x03 === asn1.type) {
+      str += "ASN1.BitStr(";
+    } else {
+      str += "ASN1('" + Enc.numToHex(asn1.type) + "'";
+    }
+    if (!asn1.children) {
+      if (0x05 !== asn1.type) {
+        if (0x06 !== asn1.type) {
+          val = asn1.value || new Uint8Array(0);
+          vars.push("\n// 0x" + Enc.numToHex(val.byteLength) + " (" + val.byteLength + " bytes)\nopts.tpl" + i + " = '"
+            + Enc.bufToHex(val) + "';");
+          if (0x02 !== asn1.type && 0x03 !== asn1.type) {
+            str += ", ";
+          }
+          str += "Enc.bufToHex(opts.tpl" + i + ")";
+        } else {
+          str += ", '" + Enc.bufToHex(asn1.value) + "'";
+        }
+      } else {
+        console.warn("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX");
+      }
+      str += ")";
+      return ;
+    }
+    asn1.children.forEach(function (a, j) {
+      i += 1;
+      ws += sp;
+      write(a, j);
+      ws = ws.slice(sp.length);
+    });
+    str += "\n" + ws + ")";
+  }
+
+  write(asn1);
+  console.log('var opts = {};');
+  console.log(vars.join('\n') + '\n');
+  console.log();
+  console.log('function buildSchema(opts) {');
+  console.log(sp + 'return Enc.hexToBuf(' + str.slice(3) + ');');
+  console.log('}');
+  console.log();
+  console.log('buildSchema(opts);');
+};
+
+module.exports = ASN1;
diff --git a/lib/eckles.js b/lib/eckles.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbcf989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/eckles.js
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var EC = module.exports;
+
+var Enc = require('./encoding.js');
+var ASN1;
+var PEM = require('./pem.js');
+
+// 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7
+// prime256v1 (ANSI X9.62 named elliptic curve)
+var OBJ_ID_EC  = '06 08 2A8648CE3D030107'.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+// 1.3.132.0.34
+// secp384r1 (SECG (Certicom) named elliptic curve)
+var OBJ_ID_EC_384 = '06 05 2B81040022'.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+// 1.2.840.10045.2.1
+// ecPublicKey (ANSI X9.62 public key type)
+var OBJ_ID_EC_PUB = '06 07 2A8648CE3D0201'.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+                      // 19  e  c  d  s  a  -  s  h  a  2  -  n  i  s  t  p  2  5  6
+var SSH_EC_P256 = '00000013 65 63 64 73 61 2d 73 68 61 32 2d 6e 69 73 74 70 32 35 36'
+  .replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+                      // 19  e  c  d  s  a  -  s  h  a  2  -  n  i  s  t  p  3  8  4
+var SSH_EC_P384 = '00000013 65 63 64 73 61 2d 73 68 61 32 2d 6e 69 73 74 70 33 38 34'
+  .replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+// The one good thing that came from the b***kchain hysteria: good EC documentation
+// https://davidederosa.com/basic-blockchain-programming/elliptic-curve-keys/
+
+EC.parseSec1 = function parseEcOnlyPrivkey(u8, jwk) {
+  var index = 7;
+  var len = 32;
+  var olen = OBJ_ID_EC.length/2;
+
+  if ("P-384" === jwk.crv) {
+    olen = OBJ_ID_EC_384.length/2;
+    index = 8;
+    len = 48;
+  }
+  if (len !== u8[index - 1]) {
+    throw new Error("Unexpected bitlength " + len);
+  }
+
+  // private part is d
+  var d = u8.slice(index, index + len);
+  // compression bit index
+  var ci = index + len + 2 + olen + 2 + 3;
+  var c = u8[ci];
+  var x, y;
+
+  if (0x04 === c) {
+    y = u8.slice(ci + 1 + len, ci + 1 + len + len);
+  } else if (0x02 !== c) {
+    throw new Error("not a supported EC private key");
+  }
+  x = u8.slice(ci + 1, ci + 1 + len);
+
+  return {
+    kty: jwk.kty
+  , crv: jwk.crv
+  , d: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(d)
+  //, dh: Enc.bufToHex(d)
+  , x: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(x)
+  //, xh: Enc.bufToHex(x)
+  , y: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(y)
+  //, yh: Enc.bufToHex(y)
+  };
+};
+
+EC.parsePkcs8 = function parseEcPkcs8(u8, jwk) {
+  var index = 24 + (OBJ_ID_EC.length/2);
+  var len = 32;
+  if ("P-384" === jwk.crv) {
+    index = 24 + (OBJ_ID_EC_384.length/2) + 2;
+    len = 48;
+  }
+
+  //console.log(index, u8.slice(index));
+  if (0x04 !== u8[index]) {
+    //console.log(jwk);
+    throw new Error("privkey not found");
+  }
+  var d = u8.slice(index+2, index+2+len);
+  var ci = index+2+len+5;
+  var xi = ci+1;
+  var x = u8.slice(xi, xi + len);
+  var yi = xi+len;
+  var y;
+  if (0x04 === u8[ci]) {
+    y = u8.slice(yi, yi + len);
+  } else if (0x02 !== u8[ci]) {
+    throw new Error("invalid compression bit (expected 0x04 or 0x02)");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kty: jwk.kty
+  , crv: jwk.crv
+  , d: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(d)
+  //, dh: Enc.bufToHex(d)
+  , x: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(x)
+  //, xh: Enc.bufToHex(x)
+  , y: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(y)
+  //, yh: Enc.bufToHex(y)
+  };
+};
+
+EC.parseSpki = function parsePem(u8, jwk) {
+  var ci = 16 + OBJ_ID_EC.length/2;
+  var len = 32;
+
+  if ("P-384" === jwk.crv) {
+    ci = 16 + OBJ_ID_EC_384.length/2;
+    len = 48;
+  }
+
+  var c = u8[ci];
+  var xi = ci + 1;
+  var x = u8.slice(xi, xi + len);
+  var yi = xi + len;
+  var y;
+  if (0x04 === c) {
+    y = u8.slice(yi, yi + len);
+  } else if (0x02 !== c) {
+    throw new Error("not a supported EC private key");
+  }
+
+  return {
+    kty: jwk.kty
+  , crv: jwk.crv
+  , x: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(x)
+  //, xh: Enc.bufToHex(x)
+  , y: Enc.bufToUrlBase64(y)
+  //, yh: Enc.bufToHex(y)
+  };
+};
+EC.parsePkix = EC.parseSpki;
+
+EC.parseSsh = function (pem) {
+  var jwk = { kty: 'EC', crv: null, x: null, y: null };
+  var b64 = pem.split(/\s+/g)[1];
+  var buf = Buffer.from(b64, 'base64');
+  var hex = Enc.bufToHex(buf);
+  var index = 40;
+  var len;
+  if (0 === hex.indexOf(SSH_EC_P256)) {
+    jwk.crv = 'P-256';
+    len = 32;
+  } else if (0 === hex.indexOf(SSH_EC_P384)) {
+    jwk.crv = 'P-384';
+    len = 48;
+  }
+  var x = buf.slice(index, index + len);
+  var y = buf.slice(index + len, index + len + len);
+  jwk.x = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(x);
+  jwk.y = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(y);
+  return jwk;
+};
+
+/*global Promise*/
+EC.generate = function (opts) {
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    var typ = 'ec';
+    var format = opts.format;
+    var encoding = opts.encoding;
+    var priv;
+    var pub = 'spki';
+
+    if (!format) {
+      format = 'jwk';
+    }
+    if (-1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkcs8', 'ssh' ].indexOf(format)) {
+      format = 'pkcs8';
+    }
+
+    if ('pem' === format) {
+      format = 'sec1';
+      encoding = 'pem';
+    } else if ('der' === format) {
+      format = 'sec1';
+      encoding = 'der';
+    }
+
+    if ('jwk' === format || 'json' === format) {
+      format = 'jwk';
+      encoding = 'json';
+    } else {
+      priv = format;
+    }
+
+    if (!encoding) {
+      encoding = 'pem';
+    }
+
+    if (priv) {
+      priv = { type: priv, format: encoding };
+      pub = { type: pub, format: encoding };
+    } else {
+      // jwk
+      priv = { type: 'sec1', format: 'pem' };
+      pub = { type: 'spki', format: 'pem' };
+    }
+
+    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return require('crypto').generateKeyPair(typ, {
+        namedCurve: opts.crv || opts.namedCurve || 'P-256'
+      , privateKeyEncoding: priv
+      , publicKeyEncoding: pub
+      }, function (err, pubkey, privkey) {
+        if (err) { reject(err); }
+        resolve({
+          private: privkey
+        , public: pubkey
+        });
+      });
+    }).then(function (keypair) {
+      if ('jwk' === format) {
+        return {
+          private: EC.importSync({ pem: keypair.private, format: priv.type })
+        , public: EC.importSync({ pem: keypair.public, format: pub.type, public: true })
+        };
+      }
+
+      if ('ssh' !== opts.format) {
+        return keypair;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        private: keypair.private
+      , public: EC.exportSync({ jwk: EC.importSync({
+          pem: keypair.public, format: format, public: true
+        }), format: opts.format, public: true })
+      };
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+EC.importSync = function importEcSync(opts) {
+  if (!opts || !opts.pem || 'string' !== typeof opts.pem) {
+    throw new Error("must pass { pem: pem } as a string");
+  }
+  if (0 === opts.pem.indexOf('ecdsa-sha2-')) {
+    return EC.parseSsh(opts.pem);
+  }
+  var pem = opts.pem;
+  var u8 = PEM.parseBlock(pem).bytes;
+  var hex = Enc.bufToHex(u8);
+  var jwk = { kty: 'EC', crv: null, x: null, y: null };
+
+  //console.log();
+  if (-1 !== hex.indexOf(OBJ_ID_EC)) {
+    jwk.crv = "P-256";
+
+    // PKCS8
+    if (0x02 === u8[3] && 0x30 === u8[6] && 0x06 === u8[8]) {
+      //console.log("PKCS8", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[8].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parsePkcs8(u8, jwk);
+    // EC-only
+    } else if (0x02 === u8[2] && 0x04 === u8[5] && 0xA0 === u8[39]) {
+      //console.log("EC---", u8[2].toString(16), u8[5].toString(16), u8[39].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parseSec1(u8, jwk);
+    // SPKI/PKIK (Public)
+    } else if (0x30 === u8[2] && 0x06 === u8[4] && 0x06 === u8[13]) {
+      //console.log("SPKI-", u8[2].toString(16), u8[4].toString(16), u8[13].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parseSpki(u8, jwk);
+    // Error
+    } else {
+      //console.log("PKCS8", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[8].toString(16));
+      //console.log("EC---", u8[2].toString(16), u8[5].toString(16), u8[39].toString(16));
+      //console.log("SPKI-", u8[2].toString(16), u8[4].toString(16), u8[13].toString(16));
+      throw new Error("unrecognized key format");
+    }
+  } else if (-1 !== hex.indexOf(OBJ_ID_EC_384)) {
+    jwk.crv = "P-384";
+
+    // PKCS8
+    if (0x02 === u8[3] && 0x30 === u8[6] && 0x06 === u8[8]) {
+      //console.log("PKCS8", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[8].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parsePkcs8(u8, jwk);
+    // EC-only
+    } else if (0x02 === u8[3] && 0x04 === u8[6] && 0xA0 === u8[56]) {
+      //console.log("EC---", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[56].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parseSec1(u8, jwk);
+    // SPKI/PKIK (Public)
+    } else if (0x30 === u8[2] && 0x06 === u8[4] && 0x06 === u8[13]) {
+      //console.log("SPKI-", u8[2].toString(16), u8[4].toString(16), u8[13].toString(16));
+      jwk = EC.parseSpki(u8, jwk);
+    // Error
+    } else {
+      //console.log("PKCS8", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[8].toString(16));
+      //console.log("EC---", u8[3].toString(16), u8[6].toString(16), u8[56].toString(16));
+      //console.log("SPKI-", u8[2].toString(16), u8[4].toString(16), u8[13].toString(16));
+      throw new Error("unrecognized key format");
+    }
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("Supported key types are P-256 and P-384");
+  }
+  if (opts.public) {
+    if (true !== opts.public) {
+      throw new Error("options.public must be either `true` or `false` not ("
+        + typeof opts.public + ") '" + opts.public + "'");
+    }
+    delete jwk.d;
+  }
+  return jwk;
+};
+EC.parse = function parseEc(opts) {
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    return EC.importSync(opts);
+  });
+};
+EC.toJwk = EC.import = EC.parse;
+
+EC.exportSync = function (opts) {
+  if (!opts || !opts.jwk || 'object' !== typeof opts.jwk) {
+    throw new Error("must pass { jwk: jwk } as a JSON object");
+  }
+  var jwk = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(opts.jwk));
+  var format = opts.format;
+  if (opts.public || -1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix', 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    jwk.d = null;
+  }
+  if ('EC' !== jwk.kty) {
+    throw new Error("options.jwk.kty must be 'EC' for EC keys");
+  }
+  if (!jwk.d) {
+    if (!format || -1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix' ].indexOf(format)) {
+      format = 'spki';
+    } else if (-1 !== [ 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+      format = 'ssh';
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("options.format must be 'spki' or 'ssh' for public EC keys, not ("
+        + typeof format + ") " + format);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!format || 'sec1' === format) {
+      format = 'sec1';
+    } else if ('pkcs8' !== format) {
+      throw new Error("options.format must be 'sec1' or 'pkcs8' for private EC keys, not '" + format + "'");
+    }
+  }
+  if (-1 === [ 'P-256', 'P-384' ].indexOf(jwk.crv)) {
+    throw new Error("options.jwk.crv must be either P-256 or P-384 for EC keys, not '" + jwk.crv + "'");
+  }
+  if (!jwk.y) {
+    throw new Error("options.jwk.y must be a urlsafe base64-encoded either P-256 or P-384");
+  }
+
+  if ('sec1' === format) {
+    return PEM.packBlock({ type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", bytes: EC.packSec1(jwk) });
+  } else if ('pkcs8' === format) {
+    return PEM.packBlock({ type: "PRIVATE KEY", bytes: EC.packPkcs8(jwk) });
+  } else if (-1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    return PEM.packBlock({ type: "PUBLIC KEY", bytes: EC.packSpki(jwk) });
+  } else if (-1 !== [ 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    return EC.packSsh(jwk);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("Sanity Error: reached unreachable code block with format: " + format);
+  }
+};
+EC.pack = function (opts) {
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    return EC.exportSync(opts);
+  });
+};
+
+EC.packSec1 = function (jwk) {
+  var d = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.d);
+  var x = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.x);
+  var y = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.y);
+  var objId = ('P-256' === jwk.crv) ? OBJ_ID_EC : OBJ_ID_EC_384;
+  return Enc.hexToUint8(
+    ASN1('30'
+    , ASN1.UInt('01')
+    , ASN1('04', d)
+    , ASN1('A0', objId)
+    , ASN1('A1', ASN1.BitStr('04' + x + y)))
+  );
+};
+EC.packPkcs8 = function (jwk) {
+  var d = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.d);
+  var x = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.x);
+  var y = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.y);
+  var objId = ('P-256' === jwk.crv) ? OBJ_ID_EC : OBJ_ID_EC_384;
+  return Enc.hexToUint8(
+    ASN1('30'
+    , ASN1.UInt('00')
+    , ASN1('30'
+      , OBJ_ID_EC_PUB
+      , objId
+      )
+    , ASN1('04'
+      , ASN1('30'
+        , ASN1.UInt('01')
+        , ASN1('04', d)
+        , ASN1('A1', ASN1.BitStr('04' + x + y)))))
+  );
+};
+EC.packSpki = function (jwk) {
+  var x = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.x);
+  var y = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.y);
+  var objId = ('P-256' === jwk.crv) ? OBJ_ID_EC : OBJ_ID_EC_384;
+  return Enc.hexToUint8(
+    ASN1('30'
+    , ASN1('30'
+      , OBJ_ID_EC_PUB
+      , objId
+      )
+    , ASN1.BitStr('04' + x + y))
+  );
+};
+EC.packPkix = EC.packSpki;
+EC.packSsh = function (jwk) {
+  // Custom SSH format
+  var typ = 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp256';
+	var a = '32 35 36';
+  var b = '41';
+  var comment = jwk.crv + '@localhost';
+  if ('P-256' !== jwk.crv) {
+    typ = 'ecdsa-sha2-nistp384';
+    a = '33 38 34';
+    b = '61';
+  }
+  var x = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.x);
+  var y = Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.y);
+  var ssh = Enc.hexToUint8(
+    ('00 00 00 13 65 63 64 73 61 2d 73 68 61 32 2d 6e 69 73 74 70'
+    + a + '00 00 00 08 6e 69 73 74 70' + a + '00 00 00' + b
+    + '04' + x + y).replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase()
+  );
+
+  return typ + ' ' + Enc.bufToBase64(ssh) + ' ' + comment;
+};
+
+//
+// A dumbed-down, minimal ASN.1 packer
+//
+
+// Almost every ASN.1 type that's important for CSR
+// can be represented generically with only a few rules.
+ASN1 = function ASN1(/*type, hexstrings...*/) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+  var typ = args.shift();
+  var str = args.join('').replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+  var len = (str.length/2);
+  var lenlen = 0;
+  var hex = typ;
+
+  // We can't have an odd number of hex chars
+  if (len !== Math.round(len)) {
+    throw new Error("invalid hex");
+  }
+
+  // The first byte of any ASN.1 sequence is the type (Sequence, Integer, etc)
+  // The second byte is either the size of the value, or the size of its size
+
+  // 1. If the second byte is < 0x80 (128) it is considered the size
+  // 2. If it is > 0x80 then it describes the number of bytes of the size
+  //    ex: 0x82 means the next 2 bytes describe the size of the value
+  // 3. The special case of exactly 0x80 is "indefinite" length (to end-of-file)
+
+  if (len > 127) {
+    lenlen += 1;
+    while (len > 255) {
+      lenlen += 1;
+      len = len >> 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (lenlen) { hex += Enc.numToHex(0x80 + lenlen); }
+  return hex + Enc.numToHex(str.length/2) + str;
+};
+
+// The Integer type has some special rules
+ASN1.UInt = function UINT() {
+  var str = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join('');
+  var first = parseInt(str.slice(0, 2), 16);
+
+  // If the first byte is 0x80 or greater, the number is considered negative
+  // Therefore we add a '00' prefix if the 0x80 bit is set
+  if (0x80 & first) { str = '00' + str; }
+
+  return ASN1('02', str);
+};
+
+// The Bit String type also has a special rule
+ASN1.BitStr = function BITSTR() {
+  var str = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).join('');
+  // '00' is a mask of how many bits of the next byte to ignore
+  return ASN1('03', '00' + str);
+};
+
+EC.toPem = EC.export = EC.pack;
diff --git a/lib/encoding.js b/lib/encoding.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..528b61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/encoding.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var Enc = module.exports;
+
+Enc.base64ToBuf = function (str) {
+  // node handles both base64 and urlBase64 equally
+  return Buffer.from(str, 'base64');
+};
+
+Enc.base64ToHex = function (b64) {
+  return Enc.bufToHex(Enc.base64ToBuf(b64));
+};
+
+Enc.bufToBase64 = function (u8) {
+  // Ensure a node buffer, even if TypedArray
+  return Buffer.from(u8).toString('base64');
+};
+
+Enc.bufToHex = function (u8) {
+  // Ensure a node buffer, even if TypedArray
+  return Buffer.from(u8).toString('hex');
+};
+
+Enc.bufToUrlBase64 = function (u8) {
+  return Enc.bufToBase64(u8)
+    .replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_').replace(/=/g, '');
+};
+
+Enc.hexToUint8 = function (hex) {
+  // TODO: I don't remember why I chose Uint8Array over Buffer...
+  var buf = Buffer.from(hex, 'hex');
+  var ab = buf.buffer.slice(buf.offset, buf.offset + buf.byteLength);
+  return new Uint8Array(ab);
+};
+
+Enc.numToHex = function (d) {
+  d = d.toString(16);
+  if (d.length % 2) {
+    return '0' + d;
+  }
+  return d;
+};
diff --git a/lib/pem.js b/lib/pem.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76aec96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/pem.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var PEM = module.exports;
+var Enc = require('./encoding.js');
+
+PEM.parseBlock = function pemToDer(pem) {
+  var lines = pem.trim().split(/\n/);
+  var end = lines.length - 1;
+  var head = lines[0].match(/-----BEGIN (.*)-----/);
+  var foot = lines[end].match(/-----END (.*)-----/);
+
+  if (head) {
+    lines = lines.slice(1, end);
+    head = head[1];
+    if (head !== foot[1]) {
+      throw new Error("headers and footers do not match");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { type: head, bytes: Enc.base64ToBuf(lines.join('')) };
+};
+
+PEM.packBlock = function (opts) {
+  return '-----BEGIN ' + opts.type + '-----\n'
+    + Enc.bufToBase64(opts.bytes).match(/.{1,64}/g).join('\n') + '\n'
+    + '-----END ' + opts.type + '-----'
+  ;
+};
diff --git a/lib/rasha.js b/lib/rasha.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67d1d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rasha.js
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var RSA = module.exports;
+var SSH = require('./ssh.js');
+var PEM = require('./pem.js');
+var x509 = require('./x509.js');
+var ASN1 = require('./asn1.js');
+
+/*global Promise*/
+RSA.generate = function (opts) {
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    var typ = 'rsa';
+    var format = opts.format;
+    var encoding = opts.encoding;
+    var priv;
+    var pub;
+
+    if (!format) {
+      format = 'jwk';
+    }
+    if ('spki' === format || 'pkcs8' === format) {
+      format = 'pkcs8';
+      pub = 'spki';
+    }
+
+    if ('pem' === format) {
+      format = 'pkcs1';
+      encoding = 'pem';
+    } else if ('der' === format) {
+      format = 'pkcs1';
+      encoding = 'der';
+    }
+
+    if ('jwk' === format || 'json' === format) {
+      format = 'jwk';
+      encoding = 'json';
+    } else {
+      priv = format;
+      pub = pub || format;
+    }
+
+    if (!encoding) {
+      encoding = 'pem';
+    }
+
+    if (priv) {
+      priv = { type: priv, format: encoding };
+      pub = { type: pub, format: encoding };
+    } else {
+      // jwk
+      priv = { type: 'pkcs1', format: 'pem' };
+      pub = { type: 'pkcs1', format: 'pem' };
+    }
+
+    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return require('crypto').generateKeyPair(typ, {
+        modulusLength: opts.modulusLength || 2048
+      , publicExponent: opts.publicExponent || 0x10001
+      , privateKeyEncoding: priv
+      , publicKeyEncoding: pub
+      }, function (err, pubkey, privkey) {
+        if (err) { reject(err); }
+        resolve({
+          private: privkey
+        , public: pubkey
+        });
+      });
+    }).then(function (keypair) {
+      if ('jwk' !== format) {
+        return keypair;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        private: RSA.importSync({ pem: keypair.private, format: priv.type })
+      , public: RSA.importSync({ pem: keypair.public, format: pub.type, public: true })
+      };
+    });
+  });
+};
+
+RSA.importSync = function (opts) {
+  if (!opts || !opts.pem || 'string' !== typeof opts.pem) {
+    throw new Error("must pass { pem: pem } as a string");
+  }
+
+  var jwk = { kty: 'RSA', n: null, e: null };
+  if (0 === opts.pem.indexOf('ssh-rsa ')) {
+    return SSH.parse(opts.pem, jwk);
+  }
+  var pem = opts.pem;
+  var block = PEM.parseBlock(pem);
+  //var hex = toHex(u8);
+  var asn1 = ASN1.parse(block.bytes);
+
+  var meta = x509.guess(block.bytes, asn1);
+
+  if ('pkcs1' === meta.format) {
+    jwk = x509.parsePkcs1(block.bytes, asn1, jwk);
+  } else {
+    jwk = x509.parsePkcs8(block.bytes, asn1, jwk);
+  }
+
+  if (opts.public) {
+    jwk = RSA.nueter(jwk);
+  }
+  return jwk;
+};
+RSA.parse = function parseRsa(opts) {
+  // wrapped in a promise for API compatibility
+  // with the forthcoming browser version
+  // (and potential future native node capability)
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    return RSA.importSync(opts);
+  });
+};
+RSA.toJwk = RSA.import = RSA.parse;
+
+/*
+RSAPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+  version           Version,
+  modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
+  publicExponent    INTEGER,  -- e
+  privateExponent   INTEGER,  -- d
+  prime1            INTEGER,  -- p
+  prime2            INTEGER,  -- q
+  exponent1         INTEGER,  -- d mod (p-1)
+  exponent2         INTEGER,  -- d mod (q-1)
+  coefficient       INTEGER,  -- (inverse of q) mod p
+  otherPrimeInfos   OtherPrimeInfos OPTIONAL
+}
+*/
+
+RSA.exportSync = function (opts) {
+  if (!opts || !opts.jwk || 'object' !== typeof opts.jwk) {
+    throw new Error("must pass { jwk: jwk }");
+  }
+  var jwk = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(opts.jwk));
+  var format = opts.format;
+  var pub = opts.public;
+  if (pub || -1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix', 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    jwk = RSA.nueter(jwk);
+  }
+  if ('RSA' !== jwk.kty) {
+    throw new Error("options.jwk.kty must be 'RSA' for RSA keys");
+  }
+  if (!jwk.p) {
+    // TODO test for n and e
+    pub = true;
+    if (!format || 'pkcs1' === format) {
+      format = 'pkcs1';
+    } else if (-1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix' ].indexOf(format)) {
+      format = 'spki';
+    } else if (-1 !== [ 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+      format = 'ssh';
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("options.format must be 'spki', 'pkcs1', or 'ssh' for public RSA keys, not ("
+        + typeof format + ") " + format);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // TODO test for all necessary keys (d, p, q ...)
+    if (!format || 'pkcs1' === format) {
+      format = 'pkcs1';
+    } else if ('pkcs8' !== format) {
+      throw new Error("options.format must be 'pkcs1' or 'pkcs8' for private RSA keys");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ('pkcs1' === format) {
+    if (jwk.d) {
+      return PEM.packBlock({ type: "RSA PRIVATE KEY", bytes: x509.packPkcs1(jwk) });
+    } else {
+      return PEM.packBlock({ type: "RSA PUBLIC KEY", bytes: x509.packPkcs1(jwk) });
+    }
+  } else if ('pkcs8' === format) {
+    return PEM.packBlock({ type: "PRIVATE KEY", bytes: x509.packPkcs8(jwk) });
+  } else if (-1 !== [ 'spki', 'pkix' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    return PEM.packBlock({ type: "PUBLIC KEY", bytes: x509.packSpki(jwk) });
+  } else if (-1 !== [ 'ssh', 'rfc4716' ].indexOf(format)) {
+    return SSH.pack({ jwk: jwk, comment: opts.comment });
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("Sanity Error: reached unreachable code block with format: " + format);
+  }
+};
+RSA.pack = function (opts) {
+  // wrapped in a promise for API compatibility
+  // with the forthcoming browser version
+  // (and potential future native node capability)
+  return Promise.resolve().then(function () {
+    return RSA.exportSync(opts);
+  });
+};
+RSA.toPem = RSA.export = RSA.pack;
+
+// snip the _private_ parts... hAHAHAHA!
+RSA.nueter = function (jwk) {
+  // (snip rather than new object to keep potential extra data)
+  // otherwise we could just do this:
+  // return { kty: jwk.kty, n: jwk.n, e: jwk.e };
+  [ 'p', 'q', 'd', 'dp', 'dq', 'qi' ].forEach(function (key) {
+    if (key in jwk) { jwk[key] = undefined; }
+    return jwk;
+  });
+  return jwk;
+};
diff --git a/lib/ssh.js b/lib/ssh.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6304171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ssh.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var SSH = module.exports;
+var Enc = require('./encoding.js');
+
+              //  7  s  s  h  -  r  s  a
+SSH.RSA = '00000007 73 73 68 2d 72 73 61'.replace(/\s+/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+SSH.parse = function (pem, jwk) {
+
+  var parts = pem.split(/\s+/);
+  var buf = Enc.base64ToBuf(parts[1]);
+  var els = [];
+  var index = 0;
+  var len;
+  var i = 0;
+  var offset = (buf.byteOffset || 0);
+  // using dataview to be browser-compatible (I do want _some_ code reuse)
+  var dv = new DataView(buf.buffer.slice(offset, offset + buf.byteLength));
+  var el;
+
+  if (SSH.RSA !== Enc.bufToHex(buf.slice(0, SSH.RSA.length/2))) {
+    throw new Error("does not lead with ssh header");
+  }
+
+  while (index < buf.byteLength) {
+    i += 1;
+    if (i > 3) { throw new Error("15+ elements, probably not a public ssh key"); }
+    len = dv.getUint32(index, false);
+    index += 4;
+    el = buf.slice(index, index + len);
+    // remove BigUInt '00' prefix
+    if (0x00 === el[0]) {
+      el = el.slice(1);
+    }
+    els.push(el);
+    index += len;
+  }
+
+  jwk.n = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(els[2]);
+  jwk.e = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(els[1]);
+
+  return jwk;
+};
+
+SSH.pack = function (opts) {
+  var jwk = opts.jwk;
+  var header = 'ssh-rsa';
+  var comment = opts.comment || 'rsa@localhost';
+  var e = SSH._padHexInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.e));
+  var n = SSH._padHexInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.n));
+  var hex = [
+    SSH._numToUint32Hex(header.length)
+  , Enc.strToHex(header)
+  , SSH._numToUint32Hex(e.length/2)
+  , e
+  , SSH._numToUint32Hex(n.length/2)
+  , n
+  ].join('');
+  return [ header, Enc.hexToBase64(hex), comment ].join(' ');
+};
+
+SSH._numToUint32Hex = function (num) {
+  var hex = num.toString(16);
+  while (hex.length < 8) {
+    hex = '0' + hex;
+  }
+  return hex;
+};
+
+SSH._padHexInt = function (hex) {
+  // BigInt is negative if the high order bit 0x80 is set,
+  // so ASN1, SSH, and many other formats pad with '0x00'
+  // to signifiy a positive number.
+  var i = parseInt(hex.slice(0, 2), 16);
+  if (0x80 & i) {
+    return '00' + hex;
+  }
+  return hex;
+};
diff --git a/lib/telemetry.js b/lib/telemetry.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9623b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/telemetry.js
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// We believe in a proactive approach to sustainable open source.
+// As part of that we make it easy for you to opt-in to following our progress
+// and we also stay up-to-date on telemetry such as operating system and node
+// version so that we can focus our efforts where they'll have the greatest impact.
+//
+// Want to learn more about our Terms, Privacy Policy, and Mission?
+// Check out https://therootcompany.com/legal/
+
+var os = require('os');
+var crypto = require('crypto');
+var https = require('https');
+var pkg = require('../package.json');
+
+// to help focus our efforts in the right places
+var data = {
+  package: pkg.name
+, version: pkg.version
+, node: process.version
+, arch: process.arch || os.arch()
+, platform: process.platform || os.platform()
+, release: os.release()
+};
+
+function addCommunityMember(opts) {
+  setTimeout(function () {
+    var req = https.request({
+      hostname: 'api.therootcompany.com'
+    , port: 443
+    , path: '/api/therootcompany.com/public/community'
+    , method: 'POST'
+    , headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+    }, function (resp) {
+      // let the data flow, so we can ignore it
+      resp.on('data', function () {});
+      //resp.on('data', function (chunk) { console.log(chunk.toString()); });
+      resp.on('error', function () { /*ignore*/ });
+      //resp.on('error', function (err) { console.error(err); });
+    });
+    var obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data));
+    obj.action = 'updates';
+    try {
+      obj.ppid = ppid(obj.action);
+    } catch(e) {
+      // ignore
+      //console.error(e);
+    }
+    obj.name = opts.name || undefined;
+    obj.address = opts.email;
+    obj.community = 'node.js@therootcompany.com';
+
+    req.write(JSON.stringify(obj, 2, null));
+    req.end();
+    req.on('error', function () { /*ignore*/ });
+    //req.on('error', function (err) { console.error(err); });
+  }, 50);
+}
+
+function ping(action) {
+  setTimeout(function () {
+    var req = https.request({
+      hostname: 'api.therootcompany.com'
+    , port: 443
+    , path: '/api/therootcompany.com/public/ping'
+    , method: 'POST'
+    , headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+    }, function (resp) {
+      // let the data flow, so we can ignore it
+      resp.on('data', function () { });
+      //resp.on('data', function (chunk) { console.log(chunk.toString()); });
+      resp.on('error', function () { /*ignore*/ });
+      //resp.on('error', function (err) { console.error(err); });
+    });
+    var obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data));
+    obj.action = action;
+    try {
+      obj.ppid = ppid(obj.action);
+    } catch(e) {
+      // ignore
+      //console.error(e);
+    }
+
+    req.write(JSON.stringify(obj, 2, null));
+    req.end();
+    req.on('error', function (/*e*/) { /*console.error('req.error', e);*/ });
+  }, 50);
+}
+
+// to help identify unique installs without getting
+// the personally identifiable info that we don't want
+function ppid(action) {
+  var parts = [ action, data.package, data.version, data.node, data.arch, data.platform, data.release ];
+  var ifaces = os.networkInterfaces();
+  Object.keys(ifaces).forEach(function (ifname) {
+    if (/^en/.test(ifname) || /^eth/.test(ifname) || /^wl/.test(ifname)) {
+      if  (ifaces[ifname] && ifaces[ifname].length) {
+        parts.push(ifaces[ifname][0].mac);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return crypto.createHash('sha1').update(parts.join(',')).digest('base64');
+}
+
+module.exports.ping = ping;
+module.exports.joinCommunity = addCommunityMember;
+
+if (require.main === module) {
+  ping('install');
+  //addCommunityMember({ name: "AJ ONeal", email: 'coolaj86@gmail.com' });
+}
diff --git a/lib/x509.js b/lib/x509.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb193e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/x509.js
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var x509 = module.exports;
+var ASN1 = require('./asn1.js');
+var Enc = require('./encoding.js');
+
+x509.guess = function (der, asn1) {
+  // accepting der for compatability with other usages
+
+  var meta = { kty: 'RSA', format: 'pkcs1', public: true };
+  //meta.asn1 = ASN1.parse(u8);
+
+  if (asn1.children.every(function(el) {
+    return 0x02 === el.type;
+  })) {
+    if (2 === asn1.children.length) {
+      // rsa pkcs1 public
+      return meta;
+    } else if (asn1.children.length >= 9) {
+      // the standard allows for "otherPrimeInfos", hence at least 9
+      meta.public = false;
+      // rsa pkcs1 private
+      return meta;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error("not an RSA PKCS#1 public or private key (wrong number of ints)");
+    }
+  } else {
+    meta.format = 'pkcs8';
+  }
+
+  return meta;
+};
+
+x509.parsePkcs1 = function parseRsaPkcs1(buf, asn1, jwk) {
+  if (!asn1.children.every(function(el) {
+    return 0x02 === el.type;
+  })) {
+    throw new Error("not an RSA PKCS#1 public or private key (not all ints)");
+  }
+
+  if (2 === asn1.children.length) {
+
+    jwk.n = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[0].value);
+    jwk.e = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[1].value);
+    return jwk;
+
+  } else if (asn1.children.length >= 9) {
+    // the standard allows for "otherPrimeInfos", hence at least 9
+
+    jwk.n = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[1].value);
+    jwk.e = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[2].value);
+    jwk.d = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[3].value);
+    jwk.p = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[4].value);
+    jwk.q = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[5].value);
+    jwk.dp = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[6].value);
+    jwk.dq = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[7].value);
+    jwk.qi = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[8].value);
+    return jwk;
+
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("not an RSA PKCS#1 public or private key (wrong number of ints)");
+  }
+};
+
+x509.parsePkcs8 = function parseRsaPkcs8(buf, asn1, jwk) {
+  if (2 === asn1.children.length
+    && 0x03 === asn1.children[1].type
+    && 0x30 === asn1.children[1].value[0]) {
+
+    asn1 = ASN1.parse(asn1.children[1].value);
+    jwk.n = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[0].value);
+    jwk.e = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[1].value);
+
+  } else if (3 === asn1.children.length
+    && 0x04 === asn1.children[2].type
+    && 0x30 === asn1.children[2].children[0].type
+    && 0x02 === asn1.children[2].children[0].children[0].type) {
+
+    asn1 = asn1.children[2].children[0];
+    jwk.n = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[1].value);
+    jwk.e = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[2].value);
+    jwk.d = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[3].value);
+    jwk.p = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[4].value);
+    jwk.q = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[5].value);
+    jwk.dp = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[6].value);
+    jwk.dq = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[7].value);
+    jwk.qi = Enc.bufToUrlBase64(asn1.children[8].value);
+
+  } else {
+    throw new Error("not an RSA PKCS#8 public or private key (wrong format)");
+  }
+  return jwk;
+};
+
+x509.packPkcs1 = function (jwk) {
+  var n = ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.n));
+  var e = ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.e));
+
+  if (!jwk.d) {
+    return Enc.hexToBuf(ASN1('30', n, e));
+  }
+
+  return Enc.hexToBuf(ASN1('30'
+  , ASN1.UInt('00')
+  , n
+  , e
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.d))
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.p))
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.q))
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.dp))
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.dq))
+  , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.qi))
+  ));
+};
+
+x509.packPkcs8 = function (jwk) {
+  if (!jwk.d) {
+    // Public RSA
+    return Enc.hexToBuf(ASN1('30'
+      , ASN1('30'
+        , ASN1('06', '2a864886f70d010101')
+        , ASN1('05')
+      )
+      , ASN1.BitStr(ASN1('30'
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.n))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.e))
+      ))
+    ));
+  }
+
+  // Private RSA
+  return Enc.hexToBuf(ASN1('30'
+    , ASN1.UInt('00')
+    , ASN1('30'
+      , ASN1('06', '2a864886f70d010101')
+      , ASN1('05')
+    )
+    , ASN1('04'
+      , ASN1('30'
+        , ASN1.UInt('00')
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.n))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.e))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.d))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.p))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.q))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.dp))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.dq))
+        , ASN1.UInt(Enc.base64ToHex(jwk.qi))
+      )
+    )
+  ));
+};
+x509.packSpki = x509.packPkcs8;
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index d9f3745..b46a8c3 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "keypairs",
-  "version": "0.0.3",
+  "version": "0.0.4",
   "description": "Interchangeably use RSA & ECDSA with PEM and JWK for Signing, Verifying, CSR generation and JOSE. Ugh... that was a mouthful.",
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {